Like many other
coaches and swimming fans, I have been alarmed by the recent analysis of Michael Phelps' performances at USA Swimming Nationals and the Pan Pacific Championships. The television commentators offered constant theories and predictions about his "conditioning", his "fitness" and his "preparation" leading into these elite competitions. Mr. Phelps, himself, offered tremendous insight into his feelings about his racing. From his facial expressions to his post-race interviews, race viewers were clearly reminded that Mr. Phelps was unhappy with his performances and was clearly out-of-shape.
It is with the utmost of respect for Michael Phelps, the athlete, that I begin this dialogue. There is no doubt in my mind that Mr. Phelps is the greatest swimmer, if not the greatest athlete, of all time. He will forever be remembered as the eight-time gold-medalist. Not only did he win eight gold medals by racing tremendously in prelims, semi-finals and finals of each of his individual events, but he also chose to race in some of the most physically demanding of the swimming races. He showed pure athletic virtuosity by sprinting the 100 Butterfly and 100 Freestyle; racing the middle-distance events of the 200 Butterfly, 200 Freestyle and 200 Individual Medley; and mastering the grueling distance event of the 400 Individual Medley. In addition, Mr. Phelps represented his country with pride by racing incredibly in each of his relay events. To top it all off, he did almost all of this at world record speed. To me, he will always be the world's greatest swimmer.
I also begin this dialogue out of respect for his coach and for our great sport of swimming. I not only admire Coach Bob Bowman, I idolize him. He has fostered the greatest swimmer of all time, from age eleven into adulthood. He has continued and built upon a tremendous tradition of excellence at North Baltimore Aquatic Club. I wake up every day, inspired by this great coach, club and athlete. I work as hard as I can, every day, to try to meet the outstanding expectations set forth by our great leadership in USA Swimming.
It is from this place of deep respect and admiration that I raise my concerns regarding Mr. Phelps and the analysis of his recent swimming performances. I think that both Mr. Phelps and the USA Swimming coaching greats missed some opportunities to share their coaching knowledge with the world during the
post-meet press conferences. I invite other coaches to share their views and perspectives as we prepare our nation's athletes for the 2012 Olympic Games.
Here are some of the statements that concerned me:
When discussing the challenges of coach an adult athlete like Mr. Phelps, Coach Bob Bowman stated:
"Nobody knows what they are doing. We are in uncharted territory."The Head Coach for the USA Swimming National Team, Mark Schubert stated that if a college swimmer failed to show up for training he would say: “You need to turn in your scholarship or come to practice. That’s appropriate for an 18-year-old.
But for our older swimmers, we are reinventing the sport."I am alarmed! We don't know what we are doing? We are in unchartered territory? We are reinventing the sport?
Is coaching post-graduate athletes such a grand mystery? I can't help but wonder. Don't we, as a coaching community, constantly strive to educate ourselves and learn from other coaching greats? Haven't we, as coaching professionals, seen plenty of post-college, semi-professional athletes train with incredible determination, committement and excellence on a regular basis? Correct me if I'm wrong, but I do believe that there are many elite runners, cyclists, triathletes, endurance athletes (not to mention football players, basketball players, baseball players and hockey players) who train year-round, at high intensity, for hours each day in order to reach their goals in sport. How is it, then, that post-graduate swimmers and their coaches are in such a quandry as to how to approach adult athletes and their training?
We need our leaders in USA Swimming to continue to lead us. If we are going to fund our "elite" USA Swiming training centers, then we need the coaches and athletes from our Centers of Excellence to stand apart within the sport as leaders in excellence. Perhaps Mr. Phelps' disappointing performances will help us reevaluate the current hierarchy in our sport and will help us all develop as a swimming nation. I think that the lessons learned this summer from Mr. Phelps and his racing are
increbibly simple. So simple, in fact, that they are the very lessons that we employ with our athletes, in our program, every day, regardless of age.
Lesson # 1There are no shortcuts if your goal is to improve. In order to make personal improvements in racing, one must make personal improvements in training. If athletes want to race faster this year than last year, then they must IMPROVE something in their training. That could mean that they choose to train with better technique, greater frequency, more intensity or for longer durations; but there is no substitute for improved training if athletes want to improve performance. This is just as true for a 40 year-old National Football League veteran as it is for an 8 year-old age group swimmer.
Lesson # 2If an athlete is going to truly COMMIT to personal improvement and the effort that is required, then that athlete must be invested in the process. The season plan for any athlete must be based on meaningful goals for that athlete. Atheltes who genuinely want to improve will be able to commit to challenging training, every day with very little prodding from the coach. Athletes who are not invested in personal improvement and are unsure of their direction within the sport will often struggle with practice attendance, training focus and workout intensity. This is just as true for the highest payed Major League Baseball power hitter as it is for a first-year high school swimmer.
Lesson # 3 Positive reinforcement is the best coaching tool in the world.
Coach DeSantis is right on target in identifying the role of human psychology within the athletic training environment. To expand on his thoughts, I reference some
basic learning theory concepts. While punishment typically decreases the likelihood that a person will repeat a particular behavior, positive reinforcement has been found to be far more effective in guiding behavior. Positive reinforcement is applied in order to increase the likelihood of a particular behavior. In the case of coaching athletes, positive reinforcement is much more powerful in encouraging athletes toward their goals than punishment is in discouraging athletes away from behaviors that negatively impact their goals. In other words, rather than punishing athletes for failing to meet the training expectations, coaches are far better off rewarding athletes for meeting the training expectations. Don't we as coaches want to spend our time praising, encouraging, celebrating and rewarding our athletes for performing at their best? Don't we want to focus our coaching on the positive rewards, rather than on the punishments? Positive reinforcement is an incredible coaching tool. This is just as true for a National Basketball Association point guard as it is for a world record setting, post-graduate swimmer.
Let Phelps' performances this summer serve as a reminder to all of us in the USA Swimming family. The only way to increase the likelihood of outstanding performances is to train with outstanding effort, every day. The only way for athletes to train with outstanding effort, every day is for athletes to genuinely committed to their goals. The best way for coaches to encourage outstanding effort, every day from their motivated and goal-invested athletes is with positive reinforcement and rewards for acting with excellence. I am confident that this is the simplest way to achieve success as a swimming community, regardless of age, experience, fame or fortune. Thank you Mr. Phelps, Mr. Bowman and Mr. Schubert for inspiring us all to remember these simply lessons.
GO USA!